PARIS: French President Emmanuel Macron has suggested that France could extend its nuclear protection to European allies, emphasizing the need for the continent to address the escalating threat posed by Russia. France and the United Kingdom are the only nuclear-armed nations in Europe, and Macron’s remarks signal a potential shift in France’s defense strategy.
In a televised address, Macron highlighted the importance of France’s nuclear deterrent, describing it as “complete, sovereign, and entirely French.” However, he announced that he is open to initiating a strategic discussion about using France’s nuclear capabilities to safeguard its European partners. “Responding to the historic call of the future German Chancellor, I have decided to open the debate on protecting our allies on the European continent through our nuclear deterrence,” Macron stated.
Friedrich Merz, Germany’s incoming Chancellor, has raised concerns about the future of NATO and advocated for discussions with France and the UK to explore expanded nuclear protection for Europe. Historically, France’s nuclear strategy has been defensive, focused solely on protecting its own vital interests.
Macron also addressed the need for increased defense spending and reaffirmed France’s commitment to supporting Ukraine. He acknowledged public concerns about Russia’s aggressive posture and the shifting international order under the new U.S. administration. While expressing hope that the United States would remain a steadfast ally, Macron cautioned that Europe must prepare for the possibility of reduced American support.
“You are, I know, legitimately worried about current events, which are disrupting the world order,” Macron told the French public. He described Russia as a direct threat to France and Europe, warning that inaction would be “madness.”
Macron’s comments come amid growing uncertainty about U.S. commitment to NATO and European security. President Donald Trump’s decision to freeze military aid to Ukraine and his questioning of NATO’s relevance have prompted European nations to reassess their defense strategies and increase military spending.
**Nuclear Deterrence and European Security**
France’s nuclear deterrent, developed during the Cold War under President Charles de Gaulle, was designed to operate independently of the U.S. and Soviet Union. Today, it consists of air- and sea-based systems, including Rafale fighter jets and nuclear submarines, all under the sole authority of the French president.
According to the Federation of American Scientists, the U.S. and Russia possess approximately 88% of the world’s nuclear weapons. France is estimated to have 290 nuclear warheads, while the UK has 225.
Macron’s proposal to discuss extending France’s nuclear protection has drawn criticism from some quarters, including far-right leader Marine Le Pen. However, the French president remains committed to strengthening Europe’s defense capabilities.
On the eve of a critical European Union summit on defense, Macron announced plans to increase France’s defense budget, though he did not specify the amount. He ruled out tax hikes to fund the increase but acknowledged that difficult financial decisions would be necessary. This push comes as Macron’s government grapples with a challenging budget deficit.
**European Defense Spending on the Rise**
Macron’s address aligns with similar announcements from the UK and Germany, both of which have unveiled plans for significant increases in defense spending. The move reflects a broader European effort to bolster military readiness and support Ukraine amid ongoing tensions with Russia.
Diplomatic efforts are also underway to repair relations between the U.S. and Ukraine following a contentious meeting between Trump and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy. France and the UK are reportedly working on a peace plan for Ukraine, which could be finalized “within days” and presented to the U.S.
As Europe navigates a rapidly changing geopolitical landscape, Macron’s call for a unified defense strategy underscores the urgency of addressing shared security challenges. His proposal to extend France’s nuclear protection marks a significant step in redefining Europe’s approach to collective security.
